Following its heyday as a world power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence in 1822 of Brazil as a colony. A 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy; for most of the next six decades, repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal is a founding member of NATO and entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986.

Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain
39 30 N, 8 00 W
Europe
total: 92,391 sq km ; land: 91,951 sq km ; water: 440 sq km ; note: includes Azores and Madeira Islands
slightly smaller than Indiana
total: 1,214 km ; border countries: Spain 1,214 km
1,793 km
territorial sea: 12 nm ; contiguous zone: 24 nm ; exclusive economic zone: 200 nm ; continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south
mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in south
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m ; highest point: Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m
fish, forests (cork), iron ore, copper, zinc, tin, tungsten, silver, gold, uranium, marble, clay, gypsum, salt, arable land, hydropower
arable land: 17.29% ; permanent crops: 7.84% ; other: 74.87% (2005)
6,500 sq km (2003)
73.6 cu km (2005)
Total: 11.09 cu km/yr (10%/12%/78%) ; Per capita: 1,056 cu m/yr (1998)
Azores subject to severe earthquakes
soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in coastal areas
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling ; signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification
Azores and Madeira Islands occupy strategic locations along western sea approaches to Strait of Gibraltar
10,642,836 (July 2007 est.)
0-14 years: 16.5% (male 914,480/female 837,525) ; 15-64 years: 66.3% (male 3,501,206/female 3,551,706) ; 65 years and over: 17.3% (male 757,220/female 1,080,699) (2007 est.)
total: 38.8 years ; male: 36.7 years ; female: 41 years (2007 est.)
0.334% (2007 est.)
10.59 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
10.56 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
3.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female ; under 15 years: 1.092 male(s)/female ; 15-64 years: 0.986 male(s)/female ; 65 years and over: 0.701 male(s)/female ; total population: 0.946 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
total: 4.92 deaths/1,000 live births ; male: 5.38 deaths/1,000 live births ; female: 4.42 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
total population: 77.87 years ; male: 74.6 years ; female: 81.36 years (2007 est.)
1.48 children born/woman (2007 est.)
0.4% (2001 est.)
22,000 (2001 est.)
less than 1,000 (2003 est.)
noun: Portuguese (singular and plural) ; adjective: Portuguese
homogeneous Mediterranean stock; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000; since 1990 East Europeans have entered Portugal
Roman Catholic 84.5%, other Christian 2.2%, other 0.3%, unknown 9%, none 3.9% (2001 census)
Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official - but locally used)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write ; total population: 93.3% ; male: 95.5% ; female: 91.3% (2003 est.)


conventional long form: Portuguese Republic ; conventional short form: Portugal ; local long form: Republica Portuguesa ; local short form: Portugal
parliamentary democracy
name: Lisbon ; geographic coordinates: 38 43 N, 9 08 W ; time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) ; daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
18 districts (distritos, singular - distrito) and 2 autonomous regions* (regioes autonomas, singular - regiao autonoma); Aveiro, Acores (Azores)*, Beja, Braga, Braganca, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Evora, Faro, Guarda, Leiria, Lisboa (Lisbon), Madeira*, Portalegre, Porto, Santarem, Setubal, Viana do Castelo, Vila Real, Viseu

1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 5 October 1910 (republic proclaimed)
Portugal Day (Day of Portugal), 10 June (1580); note - also called Camoes Day, the day that revered national poet Luis de Camoes (1524-80) died
adopted 2 April 1976; effective 25 April 1976; revised many times
based on civil law system; the Constitutional Tribunal reviews the constitutionality of legislation; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
18 years of age; universal
chief of state: President Anibal CAVACO SILVA (since 9 March 2006) ; head of government: Prime Minister Jose SOCRATES Carvalho Pinto de Sousa (since 12 March 2005) ; cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister ; note: there is also a Council of State that acts as a consultative body to the president ; elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 22 January 2006 (next to be held in January 2011); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the president ; election results: Anibal CAVACO SILVA elected president; percent of vote - Anibal CAVACO SILVA 50.6%, Manuel ALEGRE 20.7%, Mario Alberto Nobre Lopes SOARES 14.3%, Jeronimo DE SOUSA 8.5%, Franciso LOUCA 5.3%
unicameral Assembly of the Republic or Assembleia da Republica (230 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) ; elections: last held 20 February 2005 (next to be held in Fall 2009) ; election results: percent of vote by party - PS 45.1%, PSD 28.7%, CDU 7.6%, PP 7.3%, BE 6.4%, other 4.9%; seats by party - PS 121, PSD 75, CDU 14, PP 12, BE 8
Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal de Justica (judges appointed for life by the Conselho Superior da Magistratura)
Democratic and Social Center/Popular Party or CDS/PP [Paulo PORTAS]; Green Ecologist Party or PEV [leadership commission elected by members]; Portuguese Communist Party or PCP [Jeronimo DE SOUSA]; Portuguese Socialist Party or PS [Jose SOCRATES Carvalho Pinto de Sousa]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Luis Filipe MENEZES]; The Left Bloc or BE [Franciso Anacleto LOUCA]; Unitarian Democratic Coalition or CDU [Jeronimo DE SOUSA] (includes PEV and PCP)
NA
ABEDA, AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CE, CERN, CPLP, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAIA (observer), MIGA, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, ONUB, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SECI (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the dividing line
chief of mission: Ambassador Joao DE VALLERA ; chancery: 2012 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 ; telephone: [1] (202) 350-5400 ; FAX: [1] (202) 462-3726 ; consulate(s) general: Boston, New York, Newark (New Jersey), San Francisco ; consulate(s): New Bedford (Massachusetts), Providence (Rhode Island)
chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas E. STEPHENSON ; embassy: Avenida das Forcas Armadas, 1600-081 Lisbon ; mailing address: Apartado 43033, 1601-301 Lisboa; PSC 83, APO AE 09726 ; telephone: [351] (21) 727-3300 ; FAX: [351] (21) 726-9109 ; consulate(s): Ponta Delgada (Azores)





Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly service-based economy since joining the European Community in 1986. Over the past two decades, successive governments have privatized many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy, including the financial and telecommunications sectors. The country qualified for the European Monetary Union (EMU) in 1998 and began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU member economies. Economic growth had been above the EU average for much of the 1990s, but fell back in 2001-07. GDP per capita stands at roughly two-thirds of the EU-27 average. A poor educational system, in particular, has been an obstacle to greater productivity and growth. Portugal has been increasingly overshadowed by lower-cost producers in Central Europe and Asia as a target for foreign direct investment. The budget deficit surged to an all-time high of 6% of GDP in 2005, but the government estimates it at 3% in 2007 - a year ahead of Portugal's targeted schedule - thanks partly to deficit-cutting efforts. Nonetheless, the government faces tough choices in its attempts to boost Portugal's economic competitiveness while keeping the budget deficit within the eurozone's 3%-of-GDP ceiling.
$232 billion (2007 est.)
$184.2 billion (2007 est.)
1.7% (2007 est.)
$21,800 (2007 est.)
agriculture: 7.9% ; industry: 25.9% ; services: 66.2% (2007 est.)
5.62 million (2007 est.)
agriculture: 10% ; industry: 30% ; services: 60% (2001 est.)
8% (2007 est.)
NA%
lowest 10%: 3.1% ; highest 10%: 28.4% (1995 est.)
38 (2005)
2.4% (2007 est.)
21% of GDP (2007 est.)
revenues: $92.35 billion ; expenditures: $99.59 billion (2007 est.)
65.8% of GDP (2007 est.)
grain, potatoes, tomatoes, olives, grapes; sheep, cattle, goats, swine, poultry, dairy products; fish
textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metals and metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; rubber and plastic products; ceramics; electronics and communications equipment; rail transportation equipment; aerospace equipment; ship construction and refurbishment; wine; tourism
1.8% (2007 est.)
43.69 billion kWh (2005)
fossil fuel: 64.5% ; hydro: 31.3% ; nuclear: 0% ; other: 4.1% (2001)
46.3 billion kWh (2005)
2.802 billion kWh (2005)
9.626 billion kWh (2005)
4,032 bbl/day NA bbl/day (2005)
335,400 bbl/day (2005)
43,070 bbl/day (2004)
361,300 bbl/day (2004)
0 bbl (1 January 2006 est.)
0 cu m (2005 est.)
4.125 billion cu m (2005 est.)
0 cu m (2005 est.)
4.281 billion cu m (2005)
0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.)
-$18.53 billion (2007 est.)
$50.72 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
clothing and footwear, machinery, chemicals, cork and paper products, hides
Spain 26.5%, Germany 12.9%, France 12%, UK 6.7%, US 6.1% (2006)
$72.19 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.)
Spain 29%, Germany 13.1%, France 8.1%, Italy 5.6%, Netherlands 4.4% (2006)
ODA, $271 million (1995)
$10.4 billion (31 December 2007 est.)
$415.5 billion (30 June 2007)
$85.52 billion (2006 est.)
$54.85 billion (2006 est.)
$66.98 billion (2005)
euro (EUR) ; note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole currency for everyday transactions within the member countries
EUR
euros per US dollar - 0.7345 (2007), 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003)
calendar year

4.231 million (2006)
12.226 million (2006)
general assessment: Portugal's telephone system has achieved a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed capabilities ; domestic: integrated network of coaxial cables, open-wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations ; international: country code - 351; a combination of submarine cables provide connectivity to Europe, North and East Africa, South Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and US; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores; note - an earth station for Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region) is planned (1998)
AM 47, FM 172 (many are repeaters), shortwave 2 (1998)
3.02 million (1997)
62 (plus 166 repeaters; includes Azores and Madeira Islands) (1995)
3.31 million (1997)
.pt
836,616 (2007)
16 (2000)
3.213 million (2006)

66 (2007)
total: 44 ; over 3,047 m: 5 ; 2,438 to 3,047 m: 9 ; 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 ; 914 to 1,523 m: 13 ; under 914 m: 12 (2007)
total: 22 ; 914 to 1,523 m: 1 ; under 914 m: 21 (2007)

gas 1,099 km; oil 8 km; refined products 174 km (2006)
total: 2,786 km ; broad gauge: 2,603 km 1.668-m gauge (1,351 km electrified) ; narrow gauge: 183 km 1.000-m gauge (2006)
total: 78,470 km ; paved: 67,484 km (includes 2,002 km of expressways) ; unpaved: 10,986 km (2004)
210 km (on Douro River from Porto) (2006)
total: 117 ships (1000 GRT or over) 1,022,783 GRT/1,287,951 DWT ; by type: bulk carrier 10, cargo 37, carrier 1, chemical tanker 16, container 6, liquefied gas 9, passenger 10, passenger/cargo 10, petroleum tanker 6, roll on/roll off 1, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 10 ; foreign-owned: 80 (Belgium 9, Denmark 3, Germany 22, Greece 4, Italy 11, Japan 10, Malta 1, Mexico 1, Netherlands 1, Norway 3, Spain 10, Sweden 2, Switzerland 2, US 1) ; registered in other countries: 15 (Cyprus 1, Hong Kong 1, Malta 3, Panama 9, St Vincent and The Grenadines 1) (2007)
Leixoes, Lisbon, Setubal, Sines

Army, Navy (Marinha Portuguesa; includes Marine Corps), Air Force (Forca Aerea Portuguesa, FAP), National Republican Guard (Guarda Nacional Republicana) (2005)
18 years of age for voluntary military service; compulsory military service ended in 2004; women serve in the armed forces, on naval ships since 1993, but are prohibited from serving in some combatant specialties (2005)
males age 18-49: 2,435,042 ; females age 18-49: 2,405,816 (2005 est.)
males age 18-49: 1,952,819 ; females age 18-49: 1,977,264 (2005 est.)
males age 18-49: 67,189 ; females age 18-49: 60,626 (2005 est.)
2.3% (2005 est.)

Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz

seizing record amounts of Latin American cocaine destined for Europe; a European gateway for Southwest Asian heroin; transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian heroin

